实际 1.(客观存在的事物、情况) reality; practice 实际上 in fact; in reality; actually; as a matter of fact; to all intents and purposes; 符合实际 correspond to reality; 客观实际 objective reality2.(实有的) practical; realistic 实际经验 practical experience; 他虽然没有受过很高的教育, 但他的实际知识是丰富的。 he's not very highly educated, but he's got a lot of horse sense.3.(合乎事实的) real; actual; concrete 实际的例子 a concrete instance; 我不能举出实际数字。 i can not give the actual figures.; 实际工资 real wages; take-home pay; 实际功率 true power; actual power; 实际汇价 [经] effective rate; 实际记录 physical record; record block; 实际价值 actual value; 实际控制线 [军事] line of actual control; 实际利率 true [actual] rate of interest; 实际利润 real profit; 实际利益 actual benefit; 实际情况 truth; the actual situation; reality; 实际伤害 actual harm; real injury; 实际生活水平 actual [real] standard of living; actual living standard; 实际时(间) actual time; real time; 实际收入 real income; 实际寿命 actual life; 实际输出 actual output; 实际输入输出 physical i-o; 实际投资 real investment; 实际误差 actual error; 实际效率 actual efficiency; 实际债务 actual debts; 实际占有财产 chose(s) in possession; 实际增益 actual gain; 实际支付 actual delivery; 实际知识 know-how; practical knowledge; 实际值 actual value; conventional true value; 实际资本 actual capital
If shops do not invoice purchases, then actual consumption will be higher than registered consumption, 假如各商店不开购货发票,那么实际消费就会高于登记的消费。i
If shops do not invoice purchases , then actual consumption will be higher than registered consumption , 假如各商店不开购货发票,那么实际消费就会高于登记的消费。 i
A stable trend in nominal consumption inequality can mask a narrowing of real or “ utility - adjusted ” consumption inequality 一直以来名义消费不公平掩盖了实际消费(效用调整后的消费)不公平。
Yet even if you care about those aspects of income inequality , the idea can send misleading signals about the underlying trends in real consumption and the real quality of life 就算你担心这些方面,这种想法还是会掩盖潜在的实际消费和实际生活质量状况。
Measured on the same national - accounts basis as gdp , to exclude property and land sales , real investment rose by a more modest 11 % in the year to the fourth quarter , less than the growth in real consumption 若基于gdp核算帐户进行计量,除去地产与土地买卖,实际投资截至至第四季度仅上涨11 ,比实际消费增长要慢。
Through detailed quantitative analysis , we get several results : firstly , the surge of the monetary supply can arouse the change of the real value of investment and the real value of consumption , so in china the quantitative effects of monetary policy should be exist 本文的实证表明,在我国1993 2003年的样本期内,货币供给冲击对实际投资和实际消费是有一定影响的,因此货币政策的数量效果在我国是存在的。
Therefore , the paper expanded eles , namely , turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods , but consumers in different income level have not and the paper , by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level , with which the standard income level was compared , adopted to expand again the extended eles model , exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau , caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume , real expenditure structure , real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity , the basic demand structure , the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand , the expenditure elasticity of consumption , the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally , came the following conclusions : 1 故本论文采用对扩展的线性支出系统进行再扩展,即将上述假定改为: “对某类消费品的边际预算份额或边际消费倾向,对于同一收入等级的所有消费者均相同,但对于不同收入等级的消费者则有可能不同。 ”并通过定义和在模型中引入收入等级虚变量,借以代表与基准的收入等级相比,消费者(农民)仅仅由于其所处的收入等级变化所导致的边际消费倾向的变化量。本论文采用对扩展的eles模型的再扩展,利用辽宁省统计局农调总队的2001年农村住户调查分户资料(共1890户) ,计算了( 1 )不同收入等级农民对各主要类型消费品的边际消费倾向、实际支出结构、实际消费倾向、边际预算份额; ( 2 )不同收入等级农民对各主要类型消费品的基本需求量、基本需求结构、基本需求占实际生活消费支出比重; ( 3 )不同收入等级农民对各主要类摘要型消费品的需求收入弹性、消费支出弹性、需求自价格弹性、需求的交叉价格弹性。