Conventional methods for detecting residual organophosphorus pesticides included chromatography , mass spectrometry , spectroscopy , et al . , they were time consuming and costly , and were hard to satisfy the increasing requirements of the online detection 传统方法检测有机磷农药检测方法主要包括色谱法,质谱法以及波谱法等,它们通常耗时长、成本高、难以满足现场快速检测的需要。
Thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium " , etc . these courses cover common analytical tools in chemistry , various spectroscopic methods and their applications for the identification of chemical compounds , as well as the structure , bonding , and properties of organic and inorganic compounds 这些科目分别讲授一些常用的现代化学分析法及一般波谱法在结构测定中的应用、无机及有机化合物的一些结构和反应以及热力学的原理。