variance n. 1.变化,变动,变更;变度,变量;【统计】(平)方(偏)差。 2.(意见等的)相异;不和,冲突,争论。 3.【法律】诉状和供词的不符。 at variance with 和…不和;和…不符 (at variance with the facts 不符事实。His conduct is at variance with his words. 他言行不符)。 set at variance 使不睦,离间。
mean vt. 1.意,有…的意思,意思是…。 2.意指,用…意思说;意味着,就是。 3.(用语言、绘画等)表示意思,表示。 4.预定,计划,图谋;〔作被动用〕企图表现。 5.预定(人或东西)作某种用途,弄成…;暗指着说。 What does this word mean? 这个字是什么意思? I mean what I say. 我是说的正经话〔不是开玩笑〕;我是说到就要做到的;我讲的话是算数的。 I meant it for [as] a joke. 我是说着玩的。 You don't mean to say so! 不会吧!你是开玩笑吧!I mean that you are a liar. 我说你是个撒谎的。 What do you mean by that? 你做的[说的]那是什么意思? What do you mean by ‘passion'? 你所说的passion 是什么意思? What do you mean to do? 你打算做什么? I mean you to go. 我打算叫[请]你去。 I did not mean to deceive you. 我并没有打算欺骗你。 My father means me to be a worker. 我父亲打算叫我成为一个工人。 He was meant for [to be] a soldier. 他生来是要成为一个军人的;他父母是要把他培养成一个军人的。 This portrait is meant for me. 这张肖像是要给我的。 vi. 1.用意。 2.具有意义。 and to mean it 说到做到。 mean a great deal [much] 意味深长;重要。 mean business 认真;算数的。 mean mischief 有恶意,有坏心眼儿;有凶兆。 mean well [ill] by [to, toward] 对…有好意[恶意]。 adj. 1.下贱的,卑劣的;(身份)低微的,卑贱的;卑鄙的;自私的。 2. 下等的,劣等的;普通的,中等的,平庸的。 3.汗颜的,难看的;吝啬的,小气的。 4.〔美俚〕害羞的,觉得不好意思的;(马)脾气坏的;讨厌的,麻烦的;没精神的,不大舒服的;〔美俚〕老练的,巧妙的;极好的;可爱的;非常愉快的。 people of mean birth 出身低微的人。 a mean cottage 简陋的乡下房子。 be mean about [over] 在…方面很小气[吝啬]。 feel mean 〔美俚〕觉得不好意思,害臊。 have a mean opinion of 蔑视,轻视,瞧不起 (He has a mean opinion of himself. 他很自卑)。 no mean 相当的,不差的,很好的(of no mean ability 很有才能)。 of mean understanding 理解力差的,笨的。 the great and the mean 贵贱上下。 adj. 中间的;中庸的;平均的;中等的;中项的。 the mean deviation 【统计学】平均差。 the mean distance 平均距离。 a mean proportional 【数学】比例中项。 the mean (solar) time [day] 【天文学】平(太阳)时[日]。 the mean sun 【天文学】平太阳。 the mean temperature 平均温度。 the mean velocity 平均速度。 for the mean time 在此期间,暂时。 in the mean time = in the meantime. mean line 等分线。 mean sea level 平均海平面,海拔〔略 MSL, m.s.l.〕。 n. 1.(两端的)中央,中部,中间;【数学】平均(数、值),中数;【逻辑学】(三段论的)中项;中名辞,媒辞(= mean term);【伦理学】中庸;【音乐】中音部。 2.〔pl.〕〔常作单数看待〕方法,手段,工具;媒介。 3.〔pl.〕〔常作单数看待〕财产,资力,资产,收入。 means of production 生产资料;生产手段。 an arithmetic [a geometric] mean 等差[等比]中项。 the mean-square deviation 【统计学】均方差。 There is a mean in all things. 凡事都有一定限度。 a means to an end 达到目的的手段。 a man of means 资本家,财主。 by all (manner of) means 1. 必定,务必;千方百计;不惜一切。 2. 〔回答〕好的,当然当然。 by any means 无论如何;以一切可能的手段。 by fair means or foul 千方百计地,不择手段地。 by means of 用,以,依靠。 by no (manner of) means 决不,无论如何也不,丝毫不,一点也不;并没有(He is by no means a pleasant man to deal with. 他决不是一个好打交道的爽快人)。 by some means (or other) 设法;用某种办法。 by what means 怎么;用什么办法。 live beyond [within] one's means 不按照[按照]收入过日子。 means of living 生活手段。 means test 〔英国〕(发放失业救济金前举行的)生活状况调查。 using every possible means 千方百计。
When the confidence is 70 % , model var has highest efficiency , model lpm 2 is the second and markowitz ’ s mean - variance model is worst . 4 . based on the axiomatized criterion of general financial risk measurement 在置信度为70 %的条件下, var模型的效率最高, lpm2模型其次, markowitz均值?方差模型较差。
Chapter 2 discusses reinsurance optimization model under mean - variance principle . aiming at change stop loss reinsurance , it derives optimal conclusions of both individual model and collective model 第二章讨论了均值方差原理下的再保险最优化模型及其适用条件,针对停止损失再保险,得出个体模型与集合模型下的最优结论。
In the framework of the markowitz mean - variance analysis , the modern portfolio theory is applied to the empirical study of the chinese stock market with emphasis of risk control and risk diversification 在马克威茨的均值-方差分析体系下,本文以投资人的风险分散和风险控制为主线探索现代资产组合理论在我国股票市场的应用。
Then sharpe , linter , mossion and ross , etc . developed markowitz ' s mean - variance model , leaded to standard investment models like capital asset pricing model ( capm ) , single - index model and arbitrage pricing theory ( apt ) 后经sharpe , litner , mossion和ross等人发扬光大,提出了capm , apt等标准投资模型,完成了资本资产定价的问题。
Based on the about 50 years development of mean - variance portfolio theory , this paper analyzes and discusses the relationship between return and risk of portfolios by using theoretical analysis and empirical study 本文以五十年来均值-方差资产组合理论的演进和发展为线索,采用理论分析和实证研究的方法,分析和探讨资产组合的收益-风险关系。
The classic model in portfolio ' s theories was introduced at first , which was the mean - variance model , the latest research results were discussed , and the optimal portfolio with the consideration of the inflation rate was researched in particular 本文首先介绍了投资组合理论经典的均值?方差模型,简述了该模型近年来的研究状况,研究了在通货膨胀率影响下的最优资产组合问题。
This model is based on the multi - factor model given by ma yongkai and tang xiaowo who simplify markowitz ' s model for portfolio investment with the help of ross " arbitrage pricing theory . compared with the markowitz ' s mean - variance model , the new model has the following merits : 1 这个模型是在马永开和唐小我利用马科维茨均值-方差模型和罗斯套利定价理论导出的多因素证券组合投资决策模型的基础上给出的。
In this thesis , mathematical induction of portfolio means - variance model and capm are introduced , and a brief introduction is given to the model of capm and apt under nonstandard situation meanwhile the practical meaning of each model is explained from the angle of economics 论文介绍了组合投资均值一方差模型有效边界和capm的数学推导,简要介绍了非标准状态下(即标准capm的假设条件减弱的条件下)的capm和apt模型,从经济学角度解释了各模型的实际意义。
With the perspective of risk transferring , this thesis focuses on discussing the reinsurance optimization model under mean - variance principle , utility theory and sharpe ' s ratio , their meanings , basic ideas and conditions applicable . at present , china has been a member of wto 从原保险人利用再保险转移风险的目的出发,本文集中讨论了均值方差原理、效用原理及夏普比率(风险收益比率)下的再保险最优化模型,三种原理的含义、基本思想及所适用的条件。
Secondly , this thesis evaluates some main theories and method about market risk measurement . such as mean - variance criterion of markowitz and risk decentralization principal , single - factor model , multifactor model , down - risk model , black - scholes model and var model based on the calculation of loss . it also discusses the suitable conditions and defects of every theory and method , and think that var is a more perfect method for risk measurement by comparison 其次,评价了有关市场风险度量的一些主要理论和方法,如markowitz的均值?方差准则和风险分散原则、 capm模型和风险的市场因素模型、单因素模型、多因素模型、 downside - risk 、期权定价理论和现代基于损失计量风险的var等风险度量理论,并讨论了各种风险度量方法的具体适用条件及相应的缺陷。