load n. 1.装载,担子;负担;工作(负荷)量。 2.(车船等的)装载量;一驮,一车,一飞机。 3.【电、机】(机械等的)负载(量),负荷(量);发电量。 4.充填,装药,装弹。 5.〔pl.〕许多,大量,一大堆。 6.〔俚语〕使人喝醉的量。 7.【生物学】(不利)负荷〔指有害基因的存在〕。 a load of care 精神负担。 a load of debt 债务的负担。 be ever ready to bear a heavy load on one's shoulders 勇于挑重担。 a cart load of furniture 一货车家具。 a load of hay 一堆干草。 We have to make three loads of the cargo. 我们得把货物分成三批装运。 genetic load【生物学】遗传负荷〔指有害基因的存在〕。 the breaking load最大载荷。 the capacity load满载。 the dead [static] load恒载,静(荷)载,自重。 the live [moving, mobile] load活负载,动荷载。 the peak load最大负载,峰负载 the permissible load容许负载。 the rated load额定载荷。 the safe load安全负载。 the working load资用负载。 loads of friends 大批朋友。 loads of time 充裕的时间。 a teaching load of twenty hours a week 每星期二十小时的教学任务。 be a load off one's mind 如释负重。 get a load of 〔美俚〕仔细听;注意看。 have a load on 〔美俚〕喝醉。take a load off one's feet 〔美俚〕坐下休息。 take a load off sb.'s mind 解除某人思想负担,使某人放心。 vt. 1.把货装到(船、车等)上;装(货)。 2.装满,使负担。 3.把子弹装到(枪里);把胶卷装入(照相机)。 4.用铅加重(骰子、手杖等);用低劣物质等搀入。 5.(人寿保险)加收额外保险费。 load cargo into the hold 把货装进船舱。 a heart loaded with care 心事重重。 a table loaded with delicacies 摆满佳肴的桌子。 air loaded with carbon 充满碳气的空气。 load one's stomach with food 吃得太多。 load sb. with praise 极力称赞某人。load a camera with film 给照相机装胶卷。 This wine has been loaded. 这种酒是搀了水的。 vi. 1.(在枪里)装弹药;装料。 2.(车、船等)装货;上船,上车。 Load! 【军事】装子弹! The ship is loading for London. 这船正装货运往伦敦。 They loaded into the boat. 他们上船了。 be loaded down with 〔美国〕 = be loaded up with 装着…,存有(某种股票等)。 load down 装载甚重。 loaded for bear 〔俚语〕 1. 有充分准备。 2. 生气;准备打架。 load the dice against sb. 对某人使用加重骰子;使用不正当手段占人便宜。
effect n. 1.结果。 2.效能,效果,效力,效应,作用,功效;影响。 3.感触,印象;外观,现象。 4.旨趣,意义。 5.实行,实施。 6.(布的)花纹。 7.〔pl.〕物品,动产,家财。 8.〔pl.〕〔英国〕仿制品。 cause and effect 因果。 curative effects 疗效。 general effect 大意,纲领。 household effects 家产,家具什物。 love of effect 爱面子,爱(修饰)外表。 no effects 无存款。 personal effects 私人财物,手提行李。 sound effects 音响效果。 three-dimensional effect 立体感。 be in (full) effect 正在实行[厉行]。 bring [carry] into [to] effect 实行,实现,贯彻。 come [go] into effect 开始实施[生效]。 feel the effects of 痛感…。 for effect 装门面。 give effect to 实行,实施。 have an effect on [upon] 对…有影响[效果]。 in effect 实际上;总之;有效,生效。 of no effect 无效;无益,不中用。 put into effect 实行。 take effect 奏效,见效,有效验,应验;生效。 to no effect =without effect 无效,不灵验。 to the effect that ... 大意是说…,内容是 (A telegram to the effect that .... 电报大意是说…)。 to this [that, the same] effect 按这种[那种、同样]意思。 with effect 有效地。 vt. 1.产生,招致,导致,引起。 2.完成,达到,实现(目的等)。 effect a cure 发挥治疗效果。 effect an insurance 参加保险。 n. -or 〔生〕效应器,效应基因。
By the comparison of calculation result with the tests result , it was concluded that the method to calculate the year temperature difference and day temperature difference from weather data was feasible . by this method , it was got that the statistic parameters of combined temperature difference in base period and the reliability to different anti - crack index was calculated the combination of thermal effects and load effects was considering in this paper 对多年气象资料进行了统摘要浙江大学博士学位论文2003计分析,将其转化为结构的年温差和日温差,并与实测值进行了比较;在此基础上得到了设计基准期内的结构组合温差统计参数以及不同抗裂指标所对应的可靠度。
Compared with conventional bracing technology , not only soil nailing will actively support soil masses , but also the effect of soil nailing and soil mass will be mobilized leading to utilize in - site strength of soils to a maximam degree . the disturbed soil masses that originally induce loading effect on bracing structure are transformed into a part of bracing structure . accordingly , the composite soil nailing bracing technique begins to applied to reinforcement of soft soils or foundations 复合土钉支护技术中,土钉主动支护土体,并与土体共同作用,尽可能保持、利用、提高基坑边壁土体的原有强度,将传统支护方式中对支护结构形成荷载效应的扰动土体转化为支护结构的一部分,从而可以有效地应用于软土地区等特殊地质条件下的基坑支护。
Based on the pre - research of reservior - induced seimicity , the text analyzed water ' s load effect , interstitial water pressure and chemicophysical effect on rock in reservior - induced seimicity and discussed hydrogeological mechanism of reservior - induced seimicity . the analysis supplys reliance for the hydrogeological analysis of reservior - induced seimicity . dagangshan power station is located in the intersected segment of daduhe break - zone moxi break - zone and longmenshan break - zone . the construct - actibity seimic activity and hot - water activity is stong from cenozoic ear 本文在总结水库诱发地震前人研究成果的基础上,系统分析了库水在水库诱发地震中的荷载效应,空隙水压力效应和对岩体的物理化学作用,从理论上讨论了水库诱发地震的水文地质机理,为水库诱发地震的水文地质分析提供依据。
Statistic analysis on fatigue load effect and equivalent stress range of steel crane structures in service is carried out . the stress range distribution in whole life is deduced by the spot measurement little sample stress - time process . meanwhile the statistic analysis on the fatigue resistance process is conducted , according to fatigue data of all kinds of structural joints in domestic and overseas , which is foundation with , establish the fatigue reliability model 2 、在大量调查的基础上,对吊车梁所承受的疲劳荷载效应与等效等幅应力进行了统计分析,同时根据国内外有关各构造细节的疲劳资料对疲劳抗力参数进行了统计分析,为建立疲劳动态可靠性分析模式奠定基础。
In chapter 4 , the influences of the earth ' s models on the elastic green ' s function , as well as on the atmospheric loading effects , are discussed using the numerical techniques . the attraction green ' s function is solved out based on the state equations of the ideal gas and the hydrostatic equilibrium equation . the influences of various factors upon the gravity and tilt green ' s functions , as well as upon the gravity and tilt , are considered in detail 第四章:采用数值计算方法,研究了地球模型对弹性项格林函数及其对大气负荷响应的影响;利用理想气体方程和流体静力学平衡方程解算了吸引项格林函数,讨论各种因素对大气重力和倾斜格林函数及其对重力和倾斜的影响;基于球对称地球模型,给出了武昌站台站依赖的大气重力、倾斜格林函数
By combining monte carlo simulation and numerical calculation methods , the mean values and standard deviations can be obtained . and considering the relativity of axial force and bending moment of the loading effects , the reliability index of reinforced concrete and steel reinforced concrete columns with eccentric compression was calculated by the checking point method . also all kinds of influencing factors were analyzed 通过monte ? carlo模拟和数值计算相结合的方法得到构件抗力均值和标准差,考虑荷载效应中轴力和弯矩的相关性,采用验算点法计算了钢筋混凝土和型钢混凝土偏心受压柱的可靠指标并分析了各种因素的影响。
It shows that the method and the results can be used for designer , capital construction manager and researcher reference . 6 > the statistic parameters of load effect and resistance on fatigue reliability are studied in the paper . according to statistic analyzing of the real data from spot and the old test data , the fatigue reliability is calibrated on 8 details , which are provided in the code , by first order second moment ( fosm ) 6 、通过钢结构吊车梁实测资料与以往疲劳试验资料进行统计分析,提出了荷载与抗力的统计参数,用一次二阶矩方法对钢结构规范中规定的8类连接和构造型式的疲劳可靠性进行了校准分析,根据计算结果给出疲劳目标可大连理工大学博士学位论文一靠指标的建议值与分项系数的设计表达式。
At first , the basic theory and general process of the abutment stability against sliding of the arch dam with common definite solution ( the limiting equilibrium method of the rigid body and finite element method ) are simply developed . then combined with , reliability computation , the stochastic finite element method is used to establish the relationship between the load effect ( stress or force ) and basic stochastic variable dealing with statistical features of variables . based on the stochastic finite element method , the reliability of the arch dam abutment stability against sliding is analyzed , and the corresponding reliability index is calculated 首先简要介绍用传统定值方法(刚体极限平衡法和有限单元法)分析拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定的基本原理和一般过程,再与可靠度理论相结合,考虑变量的随机特性,通过随机有限元法建立荷载效应(如应力、内力等)与基本随机变量之间的关系,然后在随机有限元的基础上进行拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定的可靠度分析,计算相应的可靠指标。
Directed against the widespread conditions of overload transportation for vehicles in the entire country at present , the author in this paper , from the angle of the axle load distributing condition for heavy - load road , studies the heavy - load effects on the asphalt pavement and cement concrete pavement from the load - figure , mechanisms of the destroy , the methods of the axle load conversion and design parameters . based on the working characteristics of asphalt pavement under the heavy load , the author puts forward the mechanics - figure of the heavy - load asphalt pavement , and studies the heavy - load effects on the surface deflection of the pavement , bending and tensile stress of base layer bottom and rut . on the basis of the above , the author raises the multi - indexes design system for the asphalt pavement under the heavy - load , establishes the relevant formula of the axle load conversion in the light of properties of the heavy - load traffic , the author widens the range of the axle load , and raises the mechanics - fig ure fitting for the heavy - load cement concrete pavement 本论文针对目前全国普遍存在的车辆超载运输现象,从重载道路轴重分布情况出发,从荷载图式、破坏机理、轴载换算方法、设计参数等方面研究分析了重载对沥青路面与水泥混凝土路面的影响;根据重载沥青路面的作用特点,提出了适用于重载沥青路面的力学图式;研究了重载对沥青路面路表弯沉、基层层底弯拉应力和车辙的影响;在此基础上提出了进行重载道路沥青路面设计的多指标体系,建立了相应的轴载换算关系式;依据重载交通特性,扩大轴载范围,提出了适用于重载水泥混凝土路面的力学图式;对水泥混凝土全应力水平下的疲劳性能进行了研究,并以此为基础,分析了轴载换算关系式。
Based on the response theory of an elastic earth to surface loads and the model of the standard atmosphere , the characteristics of changes in the loading effects with time , space and frequency are comprehensively investigated in this dissertation . the numerical results obtained in this study can provide accurate atmospheric correction models for high - precision continuous measurements of the geophysical fields such as gravity , tilt , displacement and strain on the earth ' s surface 本文基于弹性地球对表面负荷的响应理论和标准大气模型,综合研究大气负荷效应的时间、空间和频率特征,为地表重力、倾斜、位移和应变等物理场的高精度连续观测提供精密大气影响改正模型