The surface morphologies of thin films were observed by using scan electron microscope ( sem ) and atomic force microscope ( afm ) . based on grazing incidence x - ray diffraction ( gixrd ) equipment , we find that residual stress exist in magnetron sputtering plct film , in addition , the ferroelectric properties of plct thin films were measured by radiant premier lc type multifunctional ferroelectric properties test system 利用广角x射线衍射技术对不同溅射工艺下plct薄膜的相结构进行了研究;采用扫描电子显微镜( sem )和原子力显微镜( afm )分别观察了薄膜的表面形貌;利用掠入射x射线衍射( gixrd )测量了薄膜的残余应力。
In czochralski silicon crystals ( czsi ) through fast neutron irradiation , formation and conversion of defects were investigated using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( ftir ) , positron annihilation technology ( pat ) and scanning electron microscope ( sem ) . the results showed that fast neutron irradiation induced large quantity of metastable defects which can be the capture centers of positron , positron annihilation average lifetime of samples increased with increasing of irradiation dosage . positron annihilation average lifetime of irradiation samples through dosage up to 1 1018 n . cm - 2 tended to constant 本文对直拉硅样品进行了不同剂量的快中子辐照,在硅中引入大量的亚稳态缺陷,研究这些亚稳态缺陷的形成,并在较宽的温度范围内对辐照样品进行了退火处理,研究退火后亚稳态缺陷的转化及同硅中氧的相互作用,应用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术( ftir ) 、正电子湮没技术( pat )和扫描电镜( sem )进行了测试。
There is operated to investigate the effects of various factors including the proportion of reactants , current intensity , voltage and the reaction time on the intercalated reaction . in addition , the microstructure and morphology of exfoliate graphite have been measured by scanning electron microscope ( sem ) and x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) 研究了反应物配比、电流强度、电压大小、反应时间等影响因素对反应的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜( sem ) 、 x射线衍射分析( xrd )等分析,对其结构、形成原理作了一定的论述。
The aim of this work is to have a better understanding of the structure , differentiation and phylogenetic relationship of the tribe hyoscyameae in the solanaceae using evidence from leaf epidermis , seed morphology , palynology , embryology , floral organogenesis , trnl - f and its sequences , and plant geography . the results are summarized as follows : 1 . leaf epidermis leaf epidermis of 21 species in seven genera of the tribe hyoscyameae and four species in four related genera was investigated under both light microscope ( lm ) and scanning electron microscope ( sem ) 解剖学在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下,观察了茄科天仙子族( hyoscyameae ) 7属21种及邻近4属4种共25种植物的叶表皮特征,结果表明:气孔器在各种植物的上、下的表皮均有分布,多为无规则型,也有不等细胞型;叶表皮细胞形状有不规则形、十字形、近长圆形和不规则多边形,垂周壁较平直或各种波状。
Super - micro - powder were observed throuth scanning electron microscope ( sem ) to find character under microscope to have been dismissed ; differrential thermal analysis ( dta ) print has been tested to distinguish rhizoma polygoni cuspidati and the root of differential thermal analysis , dta macleaya cordata ( willd . ) r . br . [ bocconia cordata willd ] among its components , such as emodin , chrysophanol , falacinol , citreorosein , questin , questinol , polydatin ( resveratrol - 3 - 0 - ? - d - glucoside ) and anthraquinone have been tested to be the main activator 针对目前市场上存在着虎杖药材质量不稳定,生产及临床实践中虎杖制剂的质量难以控制等问题,我们在对虎杖进行文献查阅、产地考察和市场调查的基础上,考察了药材产地等主要因素对虎杖质量的影响。
Macroscopical phenomenon description , scanning electron microscope ( sem ) analysis , electronic probe and x ray diffraction ( xrd ) analysis were used to analyze the phenomena of fouling and slagging in the main combustion zone , reburning zone and burned zone , with emphasis on the difference and its reason in reburning zone 通过宏观现象描述、微观扫描电镜( sem )分析、电子探针和x射线衍射仪( xrd )物相分析,对炉内主燃区、再燃区和燃尽区沾污结渣状况进行研究,重点分析再燃区的沾污结渣差异及原因。
The factors relevant to montmorillonite intercalation and exfoliation were analyzed through x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) , thermogravimetry ( tg ) , transmission electron microscope ( tem ) , scanning electron microscope ( sem ) and fourier transform infraredspectroscopy ( ft - ir ) . the morphology , structure and properties for the composites were discussed 通过x -衍射( xrd ) 、热重分析( tg ) 、透射电子显微镜( tem ) 、扫描电子显微镜( sem )以及傅立叶变换红外光谱( ft - ir )的表征结果讨论了影响蒙脱土剥离的因素,分析了复合材料的形态结构和性能。
In the present research , scanning electron microscope ( sem ) , laser raman spectroscopy ( lrs ) , x - ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( xrs ) , x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) and electron probe micro analysis ( epma ) were utilized to investigate the difference in micro - structure and elements distribution between domestic and foreign pdcs . combined with analysis on current manufacturing process , the mechanism for the difference was discussed . scanning electron microscope ( sem ) , laser granularity analysis , atom emission spectroscopy ( aes ) and plasma emission spectroscopy ( icpaes ) are also utilized to investigate the grain shape and impurities of key material - diamond power 本课题采用扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、光电子能谱、 x -射线衍射分析、电子探针等方法分析了国内外聚晶金刚石-硬质合金复合片在微观组织结构、元素成分分布方面的差异,结合对现有烧结工艺的分析,研讨了造成这些差异的机理;采用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度分析、原子发射光谱、等离子发射光谱等方法对关键原材料-金刚石微粉的晶形、杂质含量进行了比较分析测试。
A kind of novel composite photocatalysts containing tio2 and tourmaline particles , such as tourmaline / tio2 composite photocatalysts and tourmaline / [ tio2 , sio2 ] composite photocalysts , were fabricated mainly by the sol - gel technique , whose microstructure , photocatalystic activities and spontaneous polarization were investigated by the scanning electron microscope ( sem ) , uv - visible spectro - photometer , etc . the novel porous composite films of tourmaline / tio2 were prepared from alkoxide solutions on the surface of copper by sol - gel method 本工作利用电气石矿物材料的天然电极性、辐射红外线性能和tio _ 2的光催化性能,研制以电气石为载体, tio _ 2薄膜和[ tio _ 2 , sio _ 2 ]复合薄膜为催化剂的新型复合催化材料。研究材料的制备技术、结构、性能及电气石表面tio _ 2晶体生长机理、电气石增强tio _ 2光催化效率机理。
Based on the review , the main objectives of this work had been determined . the thermodynamic analysis indicated that corundum - mullite - gahnite multiphase materials can be synthesized . the investigation of x - ray diffraction ( xrd ) and scan electron microscope ( sem ) proved the validity of thermodynamics research 通过对al _ 2o _ 3 - sio _ 2 - zno体系相关反应热力学的计算表明能够合成出刚玉?莫来石?锌铝尖晶石复相材料, x ?射线衍射( xrd )和扫描电子显微镜( sem )的研究证实了热力学计算的可靠性。