The thesis consist of six chapters and based on the way of propose the question , analysis , then get the solution . it discussed and recognized what the ship transportation cost was in chapter one ; studied the environment and growing trend of the cost in chapter two ; fully discussed and demonstrated the voyage variable costs and controlling method , proposed a mathematic decision model of fuel supplying and get through the validation , proposed the concept of risking cost and addressing many controlling measures to it in chapter three ; discussed a certain running costs , proposed and validated a mathematic model of condition - based maintenance , and put forward many practical controlling method of running costs such as crew payment , repairs , spare parts , stores and lub oils in chapter four ; combining a case of monthly running cost budget and verification , performed a useful learning on running cost budget , forecast and verification in chapter five ; finally fully studied the method of cost - calculating and benefit - analyzing of time chartering container ships on a proposed route 第一章主要讨论并认清什么是船舶运输成本;第二章研究了船舶运输成本的生存环境和生长趋势;第三章详细论述并论证了航次变动成本的控制措施,提出了燃油补给方案的决策模型并给出了模型的验证过程,提出了航次风险成本的概念并论述了若干航次风险成本的控制措施;第四章对船舶营运成本中的船员费用、维修保养费用、备件、润物料费用等几个主要的可控性较高的成本进行了细致的分析并分别讨论了相应的控制措施,提出了基于状态维修决策的数学模型并论证了模型的正确性及具体解算步骤,对于备件、润物料的控制坚持以科学的预算为前提,以申领、接收、使用、盘存为控制环节,切实做到理论与实践的密切结合;第五章结合营运成本的预核算的案例,对船舶运输营运成本的预算及核算进行了有益的探讨;第六章结合具体案例对期租班轮的成本测算与效益分析方法进行了细致的研究。
This thesis thinks the main factors that influences whether a enterprise adopts the bundling pricing strategy are : the size of the average consumer ’ s reservation price to product , the size of unit variable cost of product , the size of variance of consumer ’ s reservation price to product , the correlational dependence between ( among ) consumer ’ s reservation prices to products , whether the combination of products can produce additional value . these factors will appear in the form of parameter in the experiment model 本文认为影响企业是否应该采取捆绑销售的定价策略的主要因素有:消费者对产品的平均保留价格的大小;产品的单位可变成本的大小;消费者对产品的保留价格的方差的大小;产品的保留价格之间的相关关系;产品的组合是否能产生附加价值,这些因素以参数形式出现在实验模型中。
The second part analyzes the components of the dock loading and unloading system , and the relationships between each component . furthermore , it distinguishes between junior factors and senior factors , between external variables and internal variables , and grasps main factors for further research . the third part analyzes the constitution of efficiency and variable cost of machinery , and gives formulas to calculate the efficiency , as well as the unit cost of dock machinery 第二章分析了天津港码头装卸船作业系统,确定了系统中的影响要素变量,及其要素间的相互关系,区分了主要变量和次要变量、内生变量和外生变量,从而抓住主要的、内生的要素变量,在次要的、外生的要素变量保持不变的假设前提下,简化系统的研究范围和难度。
One of the large multinational companies i mentioned has concluded that through the effective use of foundation fieldbus the technology enables a minimum of a 1 % improvement on asset utilization ; the equivalent to $ 2 million a year ; a 1 % reduction in plant fixed costs returns over $ 1 million per year ; and t a 1 % reduction in variable costs is worth significantly more than maintenance costs 我前面提到的其中一家大型跨国公司得出的结论是,通过有效地利用现场总线技术,能够提高资产利用率至少1 ,相当于每年200万美元;能够降低工厂固定成本1 ,相当于每年100万美元;能够降低可变成本1 ,此项节省远超过维护费用。
With reference of the materials about passenger dedicated lines ( pdl ) in foreign countries , the essay discusses the characteristics and composition of transportation cost of railway pdl , and analyzes the influence on transportation cost from two aspects as target value of speed and passenger traffic volume , so as to illuminate that the target value of speed can directly affect the transportation cost of pdl , and the fix cost has nothing to do with the passenger traffic volume , whereas the variable cost is in direct proportion to that 摘要借鉴国内外客运专线资料,对铁路客运专线运输成本的特性及构成进行论述,并从速度目标值与客运量两方面分析对运输成本的影响,说明速度目标值直接影响客运专线的运输成本,而固定成本与客运量无关,变动成本与客运量成正比变化。
The paper includes several parts below : the first part analyzes the characteristic of oil output and the constitution of operating cost , and introduces the forecast model of productivity and operating cost . it makes use of the model of gm ( 1 , 1 ) to forecast the well ’ s productivity and relative variable cost 主要内容包括以下几部分:第一部分,分析油田企业产量的特点和操作成本的构成,阐述了单井产量和成本的预测方法,利用gm ( 1 , 1 )模型预测单井产量和相对变动成本。
To counter the above mentioned problems , this thesis is based on the practical situation of pump station operation to analyse its operation cost . the operation cost of pump stations consists of fixed and variable parts . to find the fixed and variable cost , the idea of investment allotment method ( iam ) is introduced to obtain the depreciation cost which is the main part of fixed cost 本论文针对上述两方面问题,从我国大型泵站实际情况出发,对具有双重功能? ?供水(含灌溉) 、排涝功能的泵站进行成本分析,提出投资分摊方法来解决固定成本中的固定资产折旧费问题,而用优化调度手段来推求泵站运行成本中的变动成本核心? ?抽水耗电费用。
Through the simulation of consumer ' s purchase behavior and the contrast analysis between defferent model parameter evaluations , the main conclusion which this thesis obtains is : the unit variable cost is the key influence factor of bundling ; that the unit variable cost is low compared to average consumer ’ s reservation price to product is the decisive condition 通过模拟消费者的购买行为和对模型参数不同赋值下的对比分析,本文得出的主要结论为:单位可变成本是影响捆绑销售的关键因素,单位可变成本相对产品的平均保留价格较低是决定性的条件。