习惯 1.(适应) be accustomed to; be used to; be inured to 习惯于早起 habituate oneself to getting up early; 他习惯于做艰苦的工作。 he is accustomed to hard work. 你很快就会习惯这里的气候。 you will soon become [get] used to the weather here. 我们应该使自己习惯艰苦生活。 we should inure ourselves to hard life.2.(长期养成的行为、倾向) habit; custom; convention; usual practice; groove 从小培养劳动习惯 cultivate the habit of doing manual labour from childhood; 吸烟的习惯 the habit of smoking; 旧习惯 outmoded customs; 成习惯 get [fall] into a groove; 习惯法 common law; customary law; 习惯继承人 heir by custom; heir custom; 习惯势力 force of habit; 习惯做法 practices prevailing the international monetary market; 习惯作法 habit; 习惯作用 habituation
Empirically , the more important part of the habitualization of human activity is coextensive with the latter ' s institutionalization 在经验上,人类活动愈重要的习惯化愈与其后的制度化共同扩张。
In terms of the meanings bestowed by man upon his activity , habitualization makes it unnecessary for each situation to be defined anew , step by step 就人类活动表现出来的意义来看,习惯化使其不必再一步一步的重新定义每个情境。
Thus a collection of reciprocally typified actions will emerge , habitualized for each in roles , some of which will be performed separately and some in common 因此,相对类型化行为的集合体浮现,习惯化彼此的角色后,角色有可能是彼此分开执行,或者是共同拥有。
However , for the kind of reciprocal typification just described to occur there must be a continuing social situation in which the habitualized actions of two or more individuals interlock 然后,这种相对性类型化必定发生在连续的社会情境中,也就是两者或多个连结的习惯化行为中。
In other words , three processes of habitualization or incipient institutionalization may occur without their being functionally or logically integrated as social phenomena 换句话说,在他们没有合乎功能或逻辑的整合为一社会现象前,这三个习惯化的过程或是制度化的开端还是有可能发生的。
Also , functional or logical integration cannot be assumed a priori when habitualizaion or institutionalization processes are limited to the same individuals or collectivities , rather than to the discrete ones assumed in our example 同时,不像我们在例子中所假设的抽象个人,当习惯化或制度化的过程限定于同样的个体或集体时,功能或逻辑的整合不能被预先假设。
Habitualized action , of course , retain their meaningful character for individual although the meanings involved become embedded as routines in his general stock of knowledge , taken for granted by him and at hand for his projects into the future 当然,对个人来说,习惯化的活动保持了意义特性,虽然相关意义在个人的一般知识储存中已变成一种惯例而深留在记忆中,且就个人未来的计划而言,它也被视为理所当然且是即将发生的。